services:
  # 方式一：仅用已有镜像
  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine

  # 方式二：从 Dockerfile 构建
  api:
    build: ./api

  # 方式三：构建 + 自定义镜像名
  web:
    build: ./web
    image: myregistry.io/myapp-web:latest    # 构建后也标记为此名

services:
  # 最简单：指定构建上下文目录
  app:
    build: .

  # 指定目录 + Dockerfile
  api:
    build:
      context: ./api
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod

  # 指定目录 + 自定义 Dockerfile 名
  worker:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.worker

services:
  app:
    build:
      # 构建上下文（必填）
      context: ./app

      # Dockerfile 路径（相对于 context）
      dockerfile: Dockerfile

      # Dockerfile 内联（V2.20+，无需单独文件）
      # dockerfile_inline: |
      #   FROM node:20-alpine
      #   COPY . /app
      #   CMD ["node", "app.js"]

      # 构建参数
      args:
        NODE_ENV: production
        APP_VERSION: "${APP_VERSION:-1.0.0}"

      # 镜像标签
      tags:
        - myapp:latest
        - myapp:${APP_VERSION:-1.0.0}
        - registry.example.com/myapp:latest

      # 额外的镜像标签（不影响 Compose 使用的镜像名）
      # tags 会作为额外标签，而 image 指令的值是主标签

      # 目标阶段（多阶段构建）
      target: production

      # 构建缓存来源
      cache_from:
        - myapp:latest
        - type=registry,ref=registry.example.com/myapp:cache

      # 构建缓存导出目标
      cache_to:
        - type=registry,ref=registry.example.com/myapp:cache,mode=max

      # 网络模式（构建时）
      network: host       # 或自定义网络名

      # 不使用缓存
      no_cache: false

      # 拉取策略
      pull: false         # true = 总是拉取基础镜像

      # 额外的构建上下文（V2.20+）
      additional_contexts:
        shared: ./shared-libs
        docs: https://github.com/example/docs.git

      # 隐私模式（敏感文件不进入构建上下文）
      # 通过 .dockerignore 或 SSH mount 实现

      # 平台（多架构构建）
      platforms:
        - linux/amd64
        - linux/arm64

      # 权限（SSH agent 转发等）
      # 需要通过 docker buildx bake 或直接使用 buildx
      # Compose 中使用 SSH 挂载见下文

# .dockerignore — 减小构建上下文大小

# 版本控制
.git
.gitignore

# 依赖目录
node_modules
vendor
__pycache__
*.pyc

# 构建产物
dist
build
*.egg-info

# 开发文件
.env
.env.*
*.md
tests/
docs/
.vscode/
.idea/

# Docker 相关
Dockerfile*
docker-compose*.yml
.dockerignore

# 系统文件
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db
*.swp

# 基础镜像
FROM python:3.12-slim

# 元数据
LABEL maintainer="[email protected]"
LABEL version="1.0"

# 环境变量
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

# 工作目录
WORKDIR /app

# 系统依赖（变化频率低，放前面）
RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        libpq-dev \
        gcc && \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# 依赖安装（利用缓存层）
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 应用代码（变化频率高，放最后）
COPY src/ ./src/

# 非 root 用户
RUN useradd -m appuser
USER appuser

# 暴露端口（文档性质）
EXPOSE 8000

# 启动命令
CMD ["gunicorn", "src.main:app", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000"]

# ❌ 不好的做法：每次代码变化都要重新安装依赖
COPY . .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

# ✅ 好的做法：依赖文件先复制，利用缓存
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .

# 阶段一：构建
FROM golang:1.22-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download
COPY . .
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o /app/server ./cmd/server

# 阶段二：运行（仅包含二进制）
FROM alpine:3.20 AS production
RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates tzdata
COPY --from=builder /app/server /usr/local/bin/server
USER nobody
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["server"]

# 阶段一：构建前端资源
FROM node:20-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build

# 阶段二：Nginx 服务
FROM nginx:alpine AS production
COPY --from=build /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

# 阶段一：安装依赖
FROM python:3.12-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --target=/app/deps -r requirements.txt

# 阶段二：运行
FROM python:3.12-slim AS production
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/deps /usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/
COPY src/ ./src/
RUN useradd -m appuser
USER appuser
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["python", "-m", "uvicorn", "src.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

services:
  # 开发环境 — 使用 dev 阶段
  app:
    build:
      context: ./app
      target: development    # 构建到 dev 阶段
    volumes:
      - ./app/src:/app/src   # 代码热重载

  # 生产环境 — 使用 production 阶段
  # （通过 compose.prod.yaml 覆盖）
  # app:
  #   build:
  #     context: ./app
  #     target: production

# 多阶段 Dockerfile（开发 + 生产）
FROM python:3.12-slim AS base
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

FROM base AS development
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir pytest debugpy
CMD ["python", "-m", "debugpy", "--listen", "0.0.0.0:5678", "-m", "uvicorn", "main:app", "--reload"]

FROM base AS production
COPY src/ ./src/
RUN useradd -m appuser
USER appuser
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

FROM node:20-alpine

ARG NODE_ENV=production
ARG APP_VERSION

ENV NODE_ENV=${NODE_ENV}

RUN echo "Building version ${APP_VERSION} in ${NODE_ENV} mode"

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: ./app
      args:
        NODE_ENV: production
        APP_VERSION: "${APP_VERSION:-1.0.0}"
        # 传递空值会从宿主机继承同名变量
        HTTP_PROXY: ""

# 通过命令行覆盖
APP_VERSION=2.0.0 docker compose build

# Dockerfile
FROM alpine:3.20
RUN apk add --no-cache git
RUN --mount=type=ssh git clone [email protected]:private/repo.git /app

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      ssh:
        - default           # 使用默认 SSH agent

# 构建前确保 SSH agent 运行
eval $(ssh-agent)
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

# 使用 Compose 构建
docker compose build --ssh default

# Dockerfile
FROM alpine:3.20
RUN --mount=type=secret,id=npmrc,target=/root/.npmrc \
    npm install

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      secrets:
        - npmrc

secrets:
  npmrc:
    file: .npmrc

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: ./app
      platforms:
        - linux/amd64
        - linux/arm64

# 需要创建支持多架构的 builder
docker buildx create --name mybuilder --use
docker buildx inspect --bootstrap

# 构建并推送
docker buildx bake --push

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: ./app
      cache_from:
        - type=registry,ref=registry.example.com/myapp:cache
      cache_to:
        - type=registry,ref=registry.example.com/myapp:cache,mode=max

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: ./app
      cache_from:
        - myapp:latest          # 从本地镜像缓存

# 构建所有服务的镜像
docker compose build

# 构建指定服务
docker compose build web api

# 不使用缓存
docker compose build --no-cache

# 强制拉取最新基础镜像
docker compose build --pull

# 并行构建
docker compose build --parallel

# 构建并启动
docker compose up -d --build

# 只构建不启动
docker compose build

# 查看构建计划（Bake 格式）
docker compose build --print

services:
  backend:
    build:
      context: ./backend
      target: ${BUILD_TARGET:-development}
      args:
        PYTHON_VERSION: "3.12"
    image: myapp-backend:${APP_VERSION:-latest}
    volumes:
      - ./backend/src:/app/src   # 开发模式：代码同步
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql://postgres:secret@db:5432/myapp

  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
      target: ${BUILD_TARGET:-development}
    image: myapp-frontend:${APP_VERSION:-latest}
    volumes:
      - ./frontend/src:/app/src

  nginx:
    build:
      context: ./nginx
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - backend
      - frontend

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret

volumes:
  pgdata: